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Dr. Nathan Francis Mossell was a pioneering African American physician and civil rights activist who made significant contributions to medicine and racial equality in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Nathan Francis Mossell, the son of Aaron and Eliza Bowers Mossell, was born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada on July 27, 1856. Nathan’s father, Aaron Mossell, was a grandson of enslaved people, with a great-grandfather known to have been brought from West Africa. His wife Eliza came from a free Black family that had been deported to Trinidad with other such families when she was a child; she and Aaron met after she returned to Baltimore. Aaron’s skill as a brickmaker enabled him to purchase a home for his wife, but as racial discrimination increased and the lack of educational opportunities became a roadblock for the aspirations Aaron and Eliza had for themselves and their children, Aaron quit his job and moved to Canada with his wife, two young sons and a daughter. Settling in Hamilton, Ontario in 1853, Aaron attended night school to become literate and used his savings to establish his own brick-making business. In 1882, Mossell became the first African American to earn a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, graduating with second honors in his class Due to racial barriers in the United States, he completed his internship at Guy's, Queen's College, and St. Thomas hospitals in London, England. Upon returning to Philadelphia in 1888, Dr. Mossell overcame significant opposition to become the first African American physician elected to the Philadelphia County Medical Society. He established a private practice and worked in white Philadelphia hospitals for nearly a decade.

This Chair honors the first Black graduate to earn a medical degree from Penn. Nathan Francis Mossell, MD (1856-1946), of the class of 1882, went on to lead the founding of the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School in Philadelphia. The second Black hospital in the U.S., this institution became a leading training center for Black nurses and physicians. The University established the Professorship in 2017 as a tribute to Dr. Mossell’s achievements.

Dr. Mossell’s father, whose grandparents had been enslaved, ran a successful brick manufacturing business in New York state. Dr. Mossell earned his undergraduate degree from Lincoln University. He took second honors at both Lincoln and Penn. Due to the difficulties Blacks then encountered in securing internships in this country, Mossell travelled to England to continue his training at Guy’s, Queen’s and St. Thomas’ Hospitals in London. He returned to Philadelphia to start a private practice in 1888. After overcoming opposition, he became the first Black physician elected to the Philadelphia County Medical Society.

DMU Timestamp: February 26, 2025 22:37





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